Mathematicians have found a way to transform an unproductive quantum calculation approach by reviving a class of previously thrown particles.
Quantum computers can solve problems beyond the capacities of conventional computers using principles such as overlap. It means a quantum bit, or qubitCan represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously, similar to the famous thought experience of a cat that is both dead and alive. But the qubits are extremely fragile. Interactions with the environment can easily disturb their quantum states. Their fragility makes it difficult to build stable quantum computers.
Now in a new study Published in the journal Nature Communications, mathematicians have shown that when associated with mathematical elements previously thrown as not relevant, a kind of almost almost called an Ising which, which could help overcome this fragility. They named the “negligent” relaunched components.
Anymes only exist in two -dimensional systems. They are at the heart of topological quantum computer science. This means that not everyone stores the information not in the particles themselves, but in the way they last or braid with each other. This braiding can code and process information in a much more resistant environmental noise.
But there was a major limitation. “The only problem with Anyons is that they are not universal”, ” Aaron LaudaProfessor of physics and mathematics at the University of South California, told Live Science. “It’s like when you have a keyboard and has only half of the keys.”
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This is where the neglected mathematics come into play. The team has revisited a class of theories called “theory of the quantum fields topological nonmimple”, is used to study symmetry in mathematical objects.
“It’s a key idea in particle physics,” said Lauda. “You are able to predict new particles that people did not know simply by understanding the symmetry of what is happening.”
In this theory, each particle has a quantum dimension – a number which reflects “weight” or influence, it has in the system. If the number is zero, the particle is generally thrown.
“The key idea of these new non-semi-simple versions is that you keep these particles, which originally had no weight,” Lauda told Live Science. “And you find a new way of measuring weight. There are certain properties that it must satisfy and understand how to make sure that this number is not zero.”
The neglected parts, reinterpreted as particles, have filled the missing capacities of Ising. The team has shown that with a single negligence added to the system, the particle becomes capable of universal calculation just by braiding.
Why is everything important?
To see why any other is important, it helps to understand their particular two -dimensional behavior.
In three dimensions, particles like Bosons and Fermions can loop around each other. But these curls can be canceled, such as sliding a chain on or under another. In two dimensions, however, there is no “too much” or “under”. This means that when everything moves around each other, the paths cannot be untangled, giving rise to a fundamentally new physique.
“The way of thinking about it,” said Lauda, “is that if I start with a zero state and finish it, does it stay in zero state or a multiple of this? Or does he create a zero and a? Am I able to mix them and create these overlays that I need to do quantum calculation?”
The key with Ising Anyons is to be able to create overlays. Because these operations depend on the overall form of the braiding path, rather than precise locations, they are naturally protected from many types of noise.
Discovery does not mean that we will have topological quantum computers tomorrow. But that suggests that rather than inventing entirely new materials or exotic particles, researchers may simply need to look at familiar systems through a new mathematical lens.
