11 best bookshelf speakers (2024): active, passive and Hi-Fi

Active (aka “amplified”) speakers do not require a separate amplifier or receiver. Instead, they have built-in amplification (which makes the sound loud enough to play through the speakers). These amps are often customized for their specific speakers and cabinets, which can provide performance benefits. Modern powered speakers also have other advantages, such as completely wireless designs (aside from power cables) and wireless support for source devices via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. They typically provide physical connections for CD players, turntables, subwoofers and televisions.

Passive speakers are wired speakers that require a separate amplifier or receiver and speaker cables for playback. This creates more steps since you’ll need to find an amplifier with matching power specs (more on that below). The benefit is that passive speakers are more versatile and reliable, allowing you to mix and match them in multiple systems and configurations. When treated properly, passive speakers can last for decades.

Impedance is a specification measured in ohms referring to the resistance of a speaker to the flow of electrical current. The nominal impedance of most passive speakers (basically the average impedance) is rated at 4, 6, or 8 ohms; the lower the number, the less resistance to electric current. You can think of it like a plumbing pipe: the wider the pipe, the less pressure opposition you get and the more flow or electrical current you’ll need. The result is that 4 ohm speakers are the most difficult to drive and require the most power. There’s a lot of talk about impedance in audiophile circles, but most good amplifiers and receivers are designed for 8 ohm and 4 ohm speakers, with appropriate power ratings. For 6 ohm speakers, you will generally need an amplifier with a nominal impedance of 6 ohms or 4 ohms and enough power to meet the speaker’s requirements (available in the manual or on the website) .

Speaker power requirements: Passive speakers include specifications regarding their minimum and maximum power requirements, measured in watts. Without going into too much detail about amplifier types and power efficiency, a good rule of thumb is to choose an amplifier with a power rating per channel that closely matches the power needs of your speaker for its rated impedance . If you’re having trouble finding the right solution, you’ll usually need an amplifier that meets your speaker’s minimum power requirements for its rated impedance.

Connected connection options: Most modern active amplifiers and speakers offer multiple wired connections like an analog input (RCA or 3.5mm), a digital optical input for CD players or TVs, and a subwoofer output for connecting a subwoofer powered. Many new systems also connect to TVs via HDMI ARC, allowing you to control basics like power and volume with your TV’s remote. They can also offer a phono input for turntables, although many of our favorite turntables come with a built-in phono preamp (or you can purchase a separate phono preamp if necessary).

Wireless connection options: Almost all active speakers and many modern amplifiers support Bluetooth. Wi-Fi connectivity is also becoming more standard for accessing services such as Spotify Connect, Tidal Connect, AirPlay and Google Cast. Wi-Fi is generally preferred over Bluetooth for its improved sound quality and conveniences such as uninterrupted streaming and extended wireless range.